Chapter 5: Pharmacological therapy Which of the following is the plasma level aimed for when starting lithium? 0.1-1.0 mmol/I 0.4-1.0 mmol/I 0.5-1.15 mmol/I 1.0-1.4 mmol/I 1.5-1.8 mmol/I Psychotropic medications are often prescribed off-licence for patients with borderline personality disorder to control which of the following symptom clusters? Affective instability Exclusive paranoia Troublesome changes Eccentricity Transient psychotic symptoms Impulsivity Open studies have suggested that what dose of risperidone is effective in treatment-resistant patients? 2-4mg / day 2-6mg / day 3-6mg / day 4-8mg / day 1-2mg / day Response to clozapine is associated with plasma levels of greater than? 100ng/ml 200mg/ml 250ng/ml 300ng/ml 350ng/ml Which of the following drugs did Paton and Okocha (2005) find beneficial to patients engaging in repeated self-harming behaviour? Moclobemide Clozapine Lithium Olanzapine Flupentixol Which of the following are associated with unilateral electro convulsive therapy when compared with bilateral treatment? Less post-treatment confusion More risk of retrograde amnesia More effective Less anterograde amnesia No post-treatment confusion Which of the following are recognised side effects of lithium? Polyuria Transient fall in serum creatine Hypochloremia Tremor Metallic taste in mouth Which of the following are common side-effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? Constipation Headache Agitation Dry mouth Sexual dysfunction Blurred vision Pharmacological side-effects of tricyclic antidepressants include which of the following? Sedation Nausea Blurred vision Urinary retention Confusion Diarrhoea After lithium has been started generally how many days until initial response to therapy? 1-3 3-7 7-14 14-20 21-28 Which of the following are adverse effects associated with carbamazepine? Hepatitis Stroke Erythematous rash Diplopia Insomnia Hypthyroidism due to lithium occurs in what percentage of women? 5% 12% 20% 34% 50% In Hegarty et al’s (1994) study what percentage of patients who had switched to placebo after a year of being symptom-free relapsed within 6-24 months? 23% 37% 60% 75% 89% Which of the following are actions of monoamine oxidase inhibitors? Increase dopamine Reduce cholinergic activity Increase GABA Reduce serotonin Increase noradrenaline Which of the following statements are correct? Anticholinergic agents are useful in the management of parkinsonism Tardive dyskinesia occurs early on in treatment Akathisia is associated with aggression Tardive dystonia has a prevalence rate of 15-25% Acute dystonia usually affects young females How long might it take cyproterone acetate to work? Up to 3 days Up to 7 days Up to 14 days Up to 21 days Up to 28 days Signs of lithium toxicity include which of the following? Chorea Oligouria Glaucoma Vomiting Ataxia Electro convulsive therapy is commonly administered? Once a week for a total of 2-6 treatments Once a week for a total of 4-8 treatments Twice a week for a total of 4-12 treatments Twice a week for a total of 2-6 treatments Four times a week for a total of 4-12 treatments Which of the following are correct regarding atypical antipsychotic drugs? Block dopamine D₂ receptors Lower the rates of extrapyramidal side-effects Have higher rates of concordance Cause less weight gain Are less well tolerated than typical antipsychotic drugs Electro convulsive therapy is associated with an increase in which of the following? Serotonergic activity GABA-B receptor density Cholinergic activity Dopaminergic activity What is the mortality rate associated with electro convulsive therapy? 1 in 1000 1 in 3000 1 in 10 000 1 in 30 000 1 in 100 000 Which of the following are reasonable strategies to consider in patients not responding to antipsychotic treatment after 6 weeks? Contiue same treatment Increase dose Change of antipsychotic Augmentation with other treatment Which of the following drugs are treatment strategies for tardive dyskinesia? Clonazepam Tetrabenazine Nifedipine Carbamazepine Lithium Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterised by which of the following features? Hyperthermia Decrease in creatinine phosphokinase Akathisia Sweating Hypotension In aripiprazole the antipsychotic effect results from which of the following properties? Potent D₂ antagonist Partial agonist at D₂ receptors Potent D₁ antagonist Antagonist at 5HT2A Partial agonist at 5HT1A Loading …
