Chapter 8: Seclusion – past, present and future In Beer et al’s (1997) survey, out of the 65 PICUs with seclusion, how many units had no written seclusion policy? 5 10 15 25 35 What was the longest single episode of mechanical restraint found by Betempts and Buncher (1992) in American hospitals? 12 hours 24 hours 48 hours 72 hours 96 hours In the 1920s staff in psychiatric hospitals were expected to work? 8 hours a day, half day off per week 10 hours a day, one day off per month 12 hours a day, one day off per month 14 hours a day, half day off per month 16 hours a day, half day off per week The use of seclusion is at least how many years old? 100 years 500 years 1000 years 1500 years 2000 years Which of the following are important factors to include on a seclusion form? Patient’s age Number of staff on duty Length of time physical restraint required Patient’s signature In 2004 Department of Health figures found what percentage of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units and Low Secure Units had no seclusion room? 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Which of the following patient characteristics affect the rate of seclusion? Age Sexual orientation Religious attidtudes Race Gender Morrison and Lehane (1996) found which of the following to be the commonest reasons for seclusion? Threats to staff Threats to fellow patients Physical assaults on fellow patient Disturbed behaviour Physical assaults on staff In the 1790s which of these things did Philippe Pinel suggest reduce the need for restraints? Paying attention to self-respect Correct method of communication High staffing levels Paying attention to individuality Use of seclusion Seclusion should be reviewed by which of the following? A nurse every 4 hours 2 nurses every 2 hours A doctor every 2 hours A doctor every 4 hours A multidisciplinary team every 6 hours Which of these things did Soranus suggest that the insane should be protected from? Fear Anxiety Anger Avoidance Blame According to the Mental Health Act Code of Practice seclusion should be used? For the shortest possible period of time As part of a treatment plan Due to staff shortages In the management of self-harm As a punishment What is the sole aim of seclusion according to the Mental Health Act 1983 Code of Practice? To control self-destructive behaviour To contain disturbed behaviour As part of a treatment plan To be used as a punishment To assist with low staffing levels In Steele’s (1993) survey what percentage of staff felt that seclusion had a therapeutic value? 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% Shepherd and Lavender (1999) showed what percentage of 127 violent incidents could be managed using verbal interventions? 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Which of the following are factors found by Jose de Cangas (1993) to be associated with increased frequency of use of seclusion? Staffing levels Conflicting personalities Degree of crowding Unit layout No fresh air Which of the following did an inquiry in 1923 at Hull Asylum report? Lack of privacy Overstimulation Unclear staff functions Dirty conditions Long periods spent in dungeons Loading …
